ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka metala silika

Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka metala silicon e ka ʻike o nā mea haumia nui ʻekolu o ka hao, aluminika a me ka calcium i loko o ka haku mele silicon. E like me ka maʻiʻo o ka hao, aluminika a me ka calcium i loko o ke kinikona metala, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kilika metala i 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 a me nā helu ʻē aʻe.

I ka ʻoihana, hana pinepine ʻia ka silika metala e ka hoʻemi kalapona o ka silicon dioxide i loko o nā umu uila. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike kemika: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ke silikona i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano he 97 ~ 98%, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka silikona metala. A laila ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea haumia me ka waikawa e loaʻa ai ke silika metala me ka maʻemaʻe o 99.7 ~ 99.8%.

ʻO ka metala silikoni ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ke silika, no laila ua like kona ʻano me ke kilika. He ʻelua alotrope ka silikoni: silikona amorphous a me ke silikona crystalline. ʻO ke silika Amorphous he pauka hina-ʻeleʻele a he microcrystal maoli nō. Loaʻa i ke kilika Crystalline ke ʻano aniani a me nā waiwai semiconductor o ke daimana, ka helu heheʻe 1410 ℃, kahi paila 2355 ℃, Mohs paʻakikī 7, brittle. Hoʻoikaika ka silicification amorphous a hiki ke puhi ikaika i ka oxygen. Hoʻopili ʻo ia me nā metala ʻole e like me nā halogens, nitrogen a me carbon i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke launa pū me nā metala e like me ka magnesium, calcium a me ka hao e hana ai i nā silicides. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kilika Amorphous i nā ʻakika inorganic a me nā mea ola, me ka waika hydrofluoric, akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā ʻakika hui ʻia o ka waikawa nitric a me ka waika hydrofluoric. Hiki ke ho'ohehe'e i ke silika amorphous a ho'oku'u i ka hydrogen. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Crystalline silicon, ʻoiai ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole e hui pū me ka oxygen, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waikona inorganic a me nā mea kūlohelohe, akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka waikawa nitric a me ka waika hydrofluoric i hui pū ʻia a me ka hopena sodium hydroxide.